Styles of An Occurrence at Owl Creek Bridge versus The Tell Tale Heart :: essays research papers

The authors, Ambrose Bierce of An Occurrence at Owl brook twosome and Edger Allan Poe of The Tell narration Heart have crotchety styles to pull the reader into the story. Both authors use unreliable narrator and imagery to allow the reader to picture and follow the narrators way of thinking. In the Tell Tale Heart, the man is very repetitious and his psychotic behavior is what intrigues the overall dark madness of The Tell Tale Heart. In Occurrence at Owl Creek Bridge Bierce uses illusions to allow the reader to follow w herever his ideas lead which also intrigues the overall dark madness effect.After the old man is dead and on a lower floor the floorboards the police arrive, and the narrator remains calm air and his manor had convinced them.?Villains Dissemble no more I admit the deed -- tear up the planks -- Here, here -- it is the makeing of his hideous heart The narrator of The Tell Tale Heart shows that he is unreliable. Concluding the questioning by the police, the narra tor had a sudden precaution and assumed that the policemen have heard the old man?s heart beat. Not only the narrator could hear the old man?s heart beating, but it is assumed (from the audience perspective) that the police could hear the narrator?s heart beating. The narrator listening to the old man?s heart beat is a replacement of his own consciousness that brought out the guiltiness for murdering the old man. In the last three paragraphs of An Occurrence at Owl Creek Bridge told by a third person point of view, Farquhar is being hanged by the rope, and when the rope is undone, Farquhar escapes and sees the light of the river. The light in this particular story represents a torrid bright light from heaven. On other hand on the complete opposite side, in The Tell Tale Heart the light (lantern) signifies fear of the eye. and the narrator reveals that Farquhar?s escape is a hallucination that lasts only from moment the rope breaks his neck at the end of the fall. In the Tell Tal e Heart, Poe uses many figures of speech such as Anaphora at the beginning of a clause throughout the whole entire story as the narrator becomes calm and mad about the crime the narrator committed. A couple examples are ?I heard all things in the heaven and in the earth.

Motivation in the Classroom Essay -- Teaching Education

Motivation in the Classroom Students want and need treat that enables them to demonstrate and improve their sense of themselves as competent and successful human beings. This is the drive toward mastery. But success, while highly valued in our society, can be more or less motivational. People who are highly creative, for example, actually experience failure far more a good deal than success. Biehler (p. 225) claims that studies show that when CAI used in conjunction with a teachers lessons, is particularly beneficial for low-achieving and young students. Before we can use success to motivate our students to produce high-quality work, we essential meet three conditions1. We must distinctly articulate the criteria for success and provide clear, immediate, and constructive feedback.2. We must show students that the skills they need to be successful are within their grasp by clearly and systematically modeling these skills.3. We must help them see success as a valuable aspec t of their personalities. All this seems obvious enough, but it is remarkable how often we fail to meet these conditions for our students. Take skills. Can you remember any crucial skills that you felt you did not successfully master because they were not clearly taught? Was it amazeing themes in literature? Reading and interpreting primary texts? Thinking through nonroutine math problems? Typically, skills like these are routinely assigned or assumed, rather than systematically copy or practiced by teachers. So how can we help students master such skills? When teaching your students to find themes, for example, deliberately model interpretation. Ask your students to give you a poem you have never seen, and then interpret it both for and with them. If they are reading primary texts, use what we call the main idea strategy. Teach them how to find the topic (usually a noun or noun phrase), the main idea (a sentence that states the texts position on the topic), and reasons or evidence to support the main idea. If students are concerned more or less writers block, remember that perhaps the most difficult task of a teacher is to teach how to think creatively. In regards to behavior modification its noted in Biehler(p.237), in the case of primary students there is a possibility that some students will come to realize that the teacher rewards them only when theyve done what she... ... arouses intense curiosity? By making sure it features two defining characteristics the information about a topic is fragmentary or contradictory, and the topic relates to students personal lives. Students then work together in-groups, retracing the steps scientists took in weighing the available evidence to arrive at an explanation. We have seen students work diligently for several days dealing with false hypotheses and red herrings, taking great delight when the solutions begin to emerge. As for topics that relate to students lives, the connection here cannot be s uperficial it must involve an content or idea that is both manageable and unresolved. We must ask, With what issues are adolescents wrestling? How can we connect them to our curriculum? Figure 1 illustrates some possibilities for adolescents.BibliographyReferencesSnowman, Jack/Biehler, Robert (2000) psychological science Applied to Teaching Houghton Mifflin Co.Colin, Baker (1996) Foundations of multilingual Education and BilingualismMultilingual Matters (pgs 105-143)Cummins, Jim (1996) Negotiating Identities Education for Empowerment in a Diverse Society California Association for Bilingual Education

The First Crusade Essay -- essays research papers

The First Crusade     As the year 1000A.D. was approaching the strength of Christianity inWestern Europe was growing on with its population. The newly reformed andorganized Church began to gain great power. A new Europe was being born withthe Catholic Church as a force in every area of life.     In Christian beliefs, the savior, Jesus Christ was to return to earthand bring judgment on its the great unwashed. Many clergy members along with lay peoplebelieved this would take place in the year 1000A.D. . Knowing this, the peopleof Europe awaited the return of Christ and feared the Wrath of God. Religiouspeople wanted to make up for their sins and avoid the horrors of eternaldamnation. Clergy members were often consulted to figure out what would be asuitable penance. " The Church itself sleek over frequently compel pilgrimages as apenance" (Campbell p.14). A pilgrimage to the Holy Land was not an easy task tosay the least. The road to c apital of Israel was jagged. On the manner to Jerusalem,pilgrims were often murdered by thieves. They were defenseless and often didnot return. Some pilgrims did return from the Holy Land. They came back withtales that planted the seeds for a Crusade.     "The pilgrims that returned from the Holy City of Jerusalem recountedtales, often grossly exaggerated, of the horrible pollution of the sacred placesat the reach of the Turks" (Campbell p23). Other stories of the destruction ofthe Church of the Holy Sepulcher, the burial place of Jesus, by the Turkssurfaced in the early eleventh century. The news of the destruction of theSepulcher was mourned in every Christian country. The nations looked to Romefor a solution to this most serious of Problems.     The Byzantine emperor moth asked for the aid of the Pope to help him with hisTurk problem. To the Pope, it would be a strategic move to aid the Byzantineemperor. The Pope realized that thi s offered the opportunity to re- namethe universal Church and establish the supremacy of Rome. In 1095, at theCouncil of Clermont in southern France, "Urban II challenged Christians to takeup their weapons against the infidels and participate in a holy war and experience the Holy Land" (Spielvogel,p344). Pope Urban II addressed the Frenchtelling them of the horrors im... ...m the clutches of non-Christianrulers. They successfully carried out the wishes of the Pope and , moreimportantly, what they believed to be the " go out of God ." The crusadingknights gained new powers through the conquest along with salvation.Economically, the First Crusade was a success for Western Europe. New ports onthe Mediterranean were in the hands of Western lords, opening new gates fortrade.     On the other hand, the First Crusade could be seen to be a failure inmany ways. transaction with the Byzantine Empire grew far more distant. ThePopes dream of unifying the e astern and western churches could not be achieved.The gruesome display of barbarism on behalf of the Crusaders could to a fault be seenas a failure in morals. It seemed that the Crusaders, for the most part, losttheir way. Their goals switched from religious to materialistic.     The First Crusade was the first installment in a series that lose their" holiness" and become less successful. Militarily, the First Crusade was anutter success. It started a hatred for the West by the Near and Middle Easternpeoples that still is strong today.

The Role Played by the International Force for East Timor in the East T

The Role Played by the International Force for due east Timor (INTERFET) in the East Timorese Efforts to Achieve IndependenceIntroductionEast Timor (also called Timor-Leste in Portuguese) is a country in Southeast Asia. It was a Portuguese colony from the 16th century up until Portugals decolonisation in 1975. In 1976 Timor-Leste was invaded by Indonesia who sought to expand its territory. This lead to the development of long guerrilla warfare between the East Timorese who wanted their independence and the Indonesian troops who suppressed the East Timorese efforts to independence. This struggle for independence lasted from 1976 until 1999. This led to the deaths of a third of the East Timorese people due to conflict related causes. Following the fall of Indonesian President Suharto, the UN endorsed an agreement between Indonesia and Timor-Leste. Indonesia agreed to, albeit reluctantly, hold a referendum in Timor-Leste for independence or integration into Indonesia. This referendum was held in August 1999 and it was supervised by the UN. The votes in favour of independence were in the majority. However, the referendum was followed by a violent reaction by the pro-integrationist East Timorese population, which were supported by Indonesian elements. The internationalist community was very much appalled by the violence following the referendum and there was a pitch in the international climate in terms of humanitarian intervention following NATOs intervention in Kosovo, the UNs failure to act in Rwanda, and also the inaction of the international community in Bosnia. The change of international climate led to decisive action for Timor-Leste. Under the aegis of Australia, Indonesia reluctantly consented to the international pe... ...tribution to Asia-Pacific security architecture, Pacific Review St Antonys College, Oxford, 2003. 2. Taylor, John G. East Timor the price of freedom ( Zed Books) 19993. Vincent, R. J. Non-intervention and International Order. Princ eton Princeton University Press, 1974. Online sources 1.Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade country/ providence fact sheet on East Timor, Canberra, (Website). www.dfat.gov.au. 2.Kofi Annan, Two concepts of sovereignty, The Economist, 18 Sept. 1999, pp81-2 at p. 82.3.Operation Astute, Timor-Leste, Department of Defence, Canberra, (Website) www.defence.gov.au. 4.Security Council Authorizes Multinational forces In East Timor http//www.un.org/ news/Press/docs/1999/19990915.sc6727.doc.html. 5.United Nations Security Council Resolution 1272 S-RES-1272(1999) in 1999 (retrieved 2008-04-12)

Artificial Intelligence Essay -- Essays Papers

Artificial Intelligence Computers are everywhere today. It would be impossible to go your entire life without using a computer. Cars, ATMs, and TVs we intake cursory, and all contain computers. It is for this reason that computers and their software have to become more intelligent to make our lives easier and computers more accessible. Intelligent computer systems can and do benefit us all however people have constantly warned that making computers too intelligent can be to our disadvantage. Artificial intelligence, or AI, is a field of computer science that attempts to simulate characteristics of human intelligence or senses. These include learning, reasoning, and adapting. This field studies the designs of intelligent agents, or a system that acts intelligibly. The term stilted intelligence is confusing and misleading however. Artificial intelligence is still a form of intelligence, but perhaps synthetic intelligence is a better physical body because it is not natu ral intelligence. This is why the name computational intelligence, or CI, is sometimes preferred. Artificial intelligence is used in many objects that we use everyday cars, microwaves, personal computers, and videogames. There are many different goals for AI, depending upon your field or view. Computer science attempts to make computer systems do what only humans could do in the past. Computational philosophy tries to understand human intelligence at a computer level. AI also has applications in medical programs, factories, robots, and many otherwise tasks. There are several different disciplines of artificial intelligence. They are different are expert systems, natural languages, simulation of human sensory capabilities, robotics... ...pable of much festering in the years to come. In a few years maybe it will be possible to create systems that are in every expression equal to or superior to humans. That can be a scary thought, however impossible it may sound. For now we will just continue to use these systems to our greatest advantage. References Chung, Randolph, and Lynellen D. S. Perry. Robotics introduction. Crossroads. 4.3 (1998) 2. Klerfors, Daniels. Artificial Neural Networks. Nov. 1998. St. Louis. U. Nov. 2001. http//hem.hj.se/de96klda/NeuralNetworks.htm. Nadis, Steve. We Can Rebuild You. MITs Technology Review. 100 (1997) 16-18. Poole, David, Alan Mackworth, and Randy Goebel. Computational Intelligence, a logical approach. bare-ass York Oxford University Press, 1998. Turner, Raymond. Logics for Artificial Intelligence. New York John Wiley & Sons, 1984.

Artificial Intelligence Essay -- Essays Papers

dummy Intelligence Computers are everywhere today. It would be impossible to go your entire disembodied spirit without using a data processor. Cars, ATMs, and TVs we use everyday, and all contain computers. It is for this reason that computers and their software have to become more intelligent to make our lives easier and computers more accessible. Intelligent computer carcasss can and do benefit us all however people have constantly warned that making computers too intelligent can be to our disadvantage. Artificial intelligence, or AI, is a field of computer science that attempts to simulate characteristics of human intelligence or senses. These include learning, reasoning, and adapting. This field studies the designs of intelligent agents, or a system that acts intelligibly. The term artificial intelligence is confusing and misleading however. Artificial intelligence is still a form of intelligence, but perhaps synthetic intelligence is a better name because it is not natural intelligence. This is why the name computational intelligence, or CI, is sometimes preferred. Artificial intelligence is used in some objects that we use everyday cars, microwaves, personal computers, and videogames. There are many different goals for AI, depending upon your field or view. Computer science attempts to make computer systems do what lone(prenominal) humans could do in the past. Computational philosophy tries to understand human intelligence at a computer level. AI also has applications in medical examination programs, factories, robots, and many other tasks. There are several different disciplines of artificial intelligence. They are different are expert systems, natural languages, simulation of human receptive capabilities, robotics... ...pable of much growth in the years to come. In a few years maybe it will be possible to create systems that are in every way equal to or superior to humans. That can be a scary thought, however imposs ible it may sound. For now we will secure continue to use these systems to our greatest advantage. References Chung, Randolph, and Lynellen D. S. Perry. Robotics introduction. Crossroads. 4.3 (1998) 2. Klerfors, Daniels. Artificial Neural Networks. Nov. 1998. St. Louis. U. Nov. 2001. http//hem.hj.se/de96klda/NeuralNetworks.htm. Nadis, Steve. We Can Rebuild You. MITs Technology Review. 100 (1997) 16-18. Poole, David, Alan Mackworth, and Randy Goebel. Computational Intelligence, a logical approach. raw(a) York Oxford University Press, 1998. Turner, Raymond. Logics for Artificial Intelligence. New York John Wiley & Sons, 1984.

A Critical Reflection on PSHE

This rise will look at the inform of an argona in PSHE (Personal, Social and health Education) the chosen playing field the essay will discuss is constraining practiced. The essay will discuss how this aspect of PSHE keister be taught and how it varies from the precept of other curricula subjects. The study curriculum states an aspect of the PSHE curriculum as they learn the basic rules and skills for keeping themselves healthy and safe and for behaving well. (QCDA 2011) In a school purlieu there are a number of policies that staff will follow to ensure that they potentiometer do everything they can to keep the kidskinren they work with safe.Severs (2003) looks at the responsibilities of the class teacher and the stop teacher in insuring the childrens safety the class teacher has the responsibility to follow the set policies and guidelines, ensure that the purlieu and resources are safe p artworkicipate in inspections and risk assessments and ensure that any problems ar e reported straight away. Teachers will have a responsibility to keep the children safe when the child is in that school, al sensation what happens when the child leaves school.A teacher may have the ability to protect the child in their classroom but all children should be aware of how to keep themselves safe at all terms. This essay will look at the teaching of keeping safe and the following areas that may link with this aspect. Road safety, endangerments of galvanic objects, eerie danger, medicines in the home, hygiene and who can succor you stay safe. The Institute for Citizenship (2000) looks at how PSHE and citizenship declare oneself children with the skills, knowledge and understanding they may requirement to develop positive(p) healthy and independent lives.It is important for all children to understand how to take care of themselves or even just to be aware of how to stay safe when an prominent is not right by them. On previous School Based Learning (SBL) figu res I have witnessed a year 1 class pickings part in pathway safety exercises the school carried come out of the closet several assemblies on the importance of highroad safety, and the stop, look and beware method when crossing roads. In order for the children to experience this method and apply it to real life the class took part in a walk around the topical anaesthetic area in which they all wore the florescent vests.When arriving at a road the children were told almost the importance of using the pedestrian crossings and how before they cross the road they should always look both ways, and listen out for cars before they continue to cross. Robertson (2007) talks about how pedestrian injury is the second main cause of death for children aged between 5 and 9 years. Robertson excessively looks at the importance of reminding parents about the supervision of their children in road crossing and anywhere with traffic. When providing the children with road safety training the scho ol could also yield the parents with the opportunity to attend.In the above description of the activity I witnessed just like any other school trip, the childrens parents were invited to take part. When looking at the teaching of PSHE I believe it may be difficult to teach it the same as other subjects However when looking at the teaching of road safety there is the possibility to teach it imbedded in with another subject. Hayes (2010) looks at how teaching road safety can be linked with geography, maths, ICT, and art for example creating warning posters.When teaching road safety there is the possibility to link with national curriculum geography make observations about where things are fit(p) (for example, a pedestrian crossing near school gates) and about other features in the milieu (for example, seasonal changes in weather) (QCDA 2011) After introducing the geographical aspects of their local area the children could begin to discuss why they think we need pedestrian crossings and why they think the crossings are positioned where they are.By developing road safety signs and warnings in art, the children can use their work around the school and in the local area to help share the importance of what they have been learning. Primary schools that I have be both as a pupil and in earlier placement experiences have often had a road safety council, in which the council were provided with free equipment to feed out, such as florescent badges for coats and bags along with the florescent wrist bands.The council would help organise school assemblies and contests in which all children were occupyed to create posters demonstrating the dangers of roads and how to stay safe when teaching road safety the school could do it either as a whole or as individual classes. Stones (1992) talks about how very little teaching on road safety takes place in school and when it does take place it is delivered through visitors such as road safety officers or the police.If teachers original some training from these sources on the issue they may be able to deliver more frequent sessions. When walking or playing in their local area along with road safety it is important for children to be aware of strange danger. Many one-year-old children can be easily influenced and should be taught that if they do not know an adult that approaches them then they should not talk to them as they may not be a nice person.Higton (2004) refers to an discussion he discover from a group of children about what they would do when separated from their parents in a shopping gist, he talks about the children reservation suggestions of intercommunicate another shopper when one child suggested that that person may be bad and take them away, the children then decided that they should petition somebody that worked in one of the shops for help. These children had developed an understanding of the stranger danger concept, but when teaching this subject it may need to be approached gen tly as the aim is not frighten the children into thinking any stranger will take them away.When looking for useful resources to teach stranger danger, I came across a book by Noel Gyro Potter, this book is called Stranger danger and tells the story of a group of children who remembered what they were taught about stranger danger and chose to run away from the stranger, they then shared their knowledge with their friends, this book also comes with stranger danger tips that you can share with both children and adults. The book was serious of pictures so may be useful in helping young children to understand.Children form a young age should develop an awareness of how to deal with the above situation and who the right person to ask for help would be. This area of keeping safe can convey to looking at who they can turn to if they need help. Wyldeck (2008) looks at the use of games to help the children understand how to deal with certain situations. She talks about reading out an incid ent and asking the children what they think they should do Wyldeck talks about teaching the children how to call 999 by using a toy / disconnected telephone.In a classroom situation you can ask the children to work in groups to think of a solution to the emergency. Other useful tools for providing this knowledge could be role play. Teachers may feel it helpful to invite emergency go to the school / class to explain what emergencies it is necessary to call 999 for, and what to do when they call. Children may be aware of services such as the police and the fire service and how they help with bad situations, and therefore should be taught how to contact them.Along with gaining help from emergency services children should also be spoken to about who to go to if they are lost if there is no phone or emergency services nearby for example asking help from a nearby neighbour that they know if at home or if in an area such as a shopping centre to ask somebody that works there to help. When teaching the children to stay safe it is important from a young age to inform the children about using electric objects safely. Children will come into contact with electrical objects at home as well as school.Charlesworth (2007) talks about how the teaching of science can portray the dangers of electricity why it is dangers to play with objects such as toasters, why you should never place a metal object such as a split up into a plug socket. Many children will want to explore how and why things work, therefore it will be safer to teach the children in a safe environment rather than have the children investigate on their own and hurt themselves. Demonstrate safely and allow the children to use the electrical objects safely this may be a good way to help them explore but carry out the investigation under supervision.Explain to children that when they wish to plug an object in to ask an adult to help or even demonstrate the importance of making sure the socket is switched off before they plug the object in. In any environment where young children will spend their time it is important to ensure that harmful substances such as medicines and cleaning products are kept in a reassure place and out of the reach of children children unaware of these products may ingest them and cause harm to them.Moyse (2009) looks at the use of speaking to nurses, using posters and leaflets and identifying resources such as teaching packages and the use of the internet. Children depend on the adults around them to make their environment safe for them. In many circumstances children may not have an adult at home that is capable of making their environment fully safe for them, therefore the school will need to do as much as they can to teach them the dangers and help make them capable of identifying and avoiding such dangers.The school can provide lessons that introduce warning signs and symbols, for example on cleaning products the sign for harmful. Children should be taught that me dicines are for ill people and that they should not take any medicine unless an adult provides it for them. The use of role play in this situation may be useful as in the home corner children can be shown that medicines go on a high shelf or a locked cupboard so that they cannot harm babies and young children. The children can take part in a circle time session in which the teacher can ask the children why do we take medicine?The teacher could show the children bottles of harmful substances and ask them if they know what they are used for? Should we play with these liquids? In my last SBL experience the reception children would often help the teacher tidy the snack area, the teacher would show them that they used one spray of the cleaning product on the prorogue and then wiped the table with the cloth and that once they had finished they were to wash their reach in order to arse around rid of the cleaning product on their hands.The teacher would role model this as she ensured sh e was in the habit of washing her hands after cleaning. In one incident a child asked the teacher why the cleaning lady wore gloves top clean, the teacher told her that the teacher has to clean lots of different places and use lots of products and doesnt want to get them on her hands because if she didnt wash them properly when she ate her food she might eat some of the cleaning liquids and that isnt very good for you. This child then suggested that they get a gauzy pair of gloves for the person that helps to clean up.If the teacher explains the dangers to children clearly children may often come up with their own solution to the problem, by making suggestions the children are showing that they have developed an awareness of the dangers. The last area of keeping safe I will look at is the aspect of hygiene and the importance of keeping clean. In one SBL experience, I took part in an activity in which the teacher brought in a bowl of water, soap and cover towels the teacher then de monstrated to the nursery class how to wash their hands ensuring they washed all the creases.Each child then came up in small groups and washed their hands the teacher told them how important it was to wash their hands after going to the toilet in order to get rid of germs. Mayesky (2011) talks about how it is important for adults in the childs life to present good self hygiene in order for the children to lead from example and that the children have the environment is equipped well to encourage good hygiene.Teaching children that being unclean can lead to illness and that when they are ill they can easily dispersed germs and the importance of covering their mouth when they cough and using a tissue to wipe their nose. Encouraging children to wash their hands can be placed into the childs school routine with ease. In one SBL experience I witnessed a class in which the teacher ensured they washed their hands before dinner, after any art classes and before and after any cooking activi ties.This allowed the children to develop a routine for washing their hands and keeping clean. . The following section of the essay will look at the possible difficulties of teaching PSHE. When looking at providing lessons for the keeping safe aspect of PSHE, I could think of areas of importance that the children should be taught just I was unsure of how best these areas could be taught in the classroom. The national curriculum provides very specific targets for curriculum subjects, and most curriculum subjects can be observed on a weekly basis.When teaching curriculum subjects such as maths the teacher will choose or be given a set topic to teach for a section of the term, the teacher can then look for the set targets that the age they are working with will need to meet. The PSHE curriculum has outlines for specific key stages however I have yet to witness any direct teaching. After looking at the areas for keeping safe discussed above I identified that there are numerous ways of building the PSHE targets in to other subjects and even into the daily routine, if teachers found little time to teach it directly.Halstead (2006) refers to findings from researchers on schools lacking PSHE policies, and how many schools are not teaching PSHE in order to make room other subjects and activities. After writing and researching for this essay, and pickings part in lectures around different PSHE areas, I believe that is a very important subject to teach in schools, as it may help to prepare children for independent living and in relevance to this essay help children to develop knowledge and understanding of how to stay safe in their own environments.Tew (2007) looks at one of the disadvantages of delivering PSHE is the difficulty of maintaining a consistent ethos as it is often delivered by outside agencies, however if teaching staff can receive training at the same time as the other agencies the school could take a much more consistent approach.One struggle that teacher s may face in the delivery of PSHE is that after multi agencies pay visit to the school the teachers are unsure on how to continue to teach the chosen topic. In conclusion to this essay I believe that the teaching of PSHE can be very informative to teachers, children and parents by providing children with the knowledge and understanding of the PSHE curriculum you may be able to help provide them with the ability to make their own safe choices.Many of the difficulties I have identified from this essay are that teachers may not necessarily have the full training or awareness on how to provides lessons around the PSHE curriculum, if teachers had the opportunity to gain the same training of the multi agencies that deliver the assemblies in schools they may be more unstrained to able in delivering it themselves. After writing this essay I believe that PSHE is very important for the development of children, and it is more important for teachers to deliver than I beginning thought.

Strategic Operation Issues

STRATEGIC OPERATIONS ISSUES ASSIGNMENT TABLE OF FIGURES ABSTRACT5 demote A6 PART B8 PART C10 PART D11 PART E13 adduce LIST15 ABSTRACT play along A is a global participation and within it has several different business units, Company A , is a specialize service provider for the oil, gas and petrochemical industries byout the world, this report focuses on Company A Tower Field Service Pty Ltd, regain in Australia.Operations and forge attention are vital functions for the effective running of successful businesses, they need to be strategic totallyy planned and designed to prevent the press release of vital information, company standards as salutary as continually improve practises. These routinees should be easily documented and understood by all employees of the company. The loss or relocation of individuals should not feel significant squeeze on company functioning. This report put downs how strategic operations functions can be used to improve processes and therefor e increase business effectiveness.Key concepts in strategic operations issues, such as process design and analysis, total quality military management and resource planning and control need to be well documented for the arranging to remain effective and to meet long term strategic goals. PART A Describe the organisation and the trouble briefly, that well enough for the appointment examiner to understand what the organisation does and its relevance to this assignment Company A is a global company with many business units located around the world Company A is itself a division of Company B.Company A have extensive knowledge of all typewrites of vessel and tower internals. Company A are a specializer service provider supporting customers needs for all their internal equipment installation, shutdown, maintenance or regenerate requirements in the petrochemical, and oil and gas industries all everyplace the world. It is Company As strategy to strengthen its ability to supply instal lation and maintenance function to its customers geographically leading to recent acquisitions, Oceania merging with APA creating APAC.This has resulted in the relocation of key personnel, within the company, to run new locations, consequentially losing arrive and day to day useable knowledge. Due to an ill documented management system this knowledge and experience was not dumbfoundd in processes & procedures resulting in a perturbation in the operations of the business. This assignment focuses on Company A Pty Ltd, Australian Operations. PART B Briefly explain the background to this issue or business by describing how it fits into the operations of the business.Its impact on the business could be demonstrated using a chart to show the functional relationships, and/or a process flow analysis to show how the operation or process that you are studying is integrated into the organisation Company As give-up the ghost is varied and unpredictable, resulting in fluctuations and depr essions in race frequency and volume (Figure 2. 0). Speed, cost and dependability are the important working(a) factors driving Company As market strategy in pleasing contracts. Whilst each foresee is different the process for quoting, receiving the contract and executing the blood line are essentially the same (Figure 3. ) . This process was held by a small subprogram of experienced and long standing employees, when they were reallocated to run other locations, so was the knowledge of project, quoting requirements, Company A capabilities and experience. pic Figure 2. 0 Shows the variation and volume in work load throughout any given year. Reference Reporting Figures (2009, 2010, 2011) pic Figure 3. 0 Process Flow chart of Company A enquiry through to Project Completion PART C Provide brief specific details of the operational issue, problem or process that needs to be addressed.For example, this top executive includes Key objectives, success factors and performance of the i ssue in question Opportunities or implications for changes to the process or techniques being used now Resource implications or constraints Technologies and/or hands issues involved in the process etc. Company As core business revolves around winning contracts these contracts are based upon man-hours that is, the meter it would take to complete the scope of work provided by the client. Any deviation from the budgeted man-hours results in reduced profit margins, poor on while delivery, customer dissatisfaction and loss of reputation.Therefore it is vital when quoting for a project all quality, costs, man-hours and materials are factored in. The relocation of personnel and subsequent lose of experience and personnel knowledge outlined a gap between assumed knowledge and documented procedures, as whilst the process to quote and win projects was essentially the same, it was not well documented and new employees were unable to successfully quote for a project. This not simply will affect Company As shag line but will result in inconsistent quotations and impact on employee job satisfaction.This has brought forward the need for a documented, maintained and reviewed Quality Management System, whereby, procedures, standard documents and templates can be used which capture all associated costs, project, client and company requirements. PART D Analyse the problem using concepts covered in the appropriate part of this subject (this should be the major part of your work and your report). In analysing the problem, you should consider the five main objectives of operations management changes to performance or outcomes (such as quality, productivity etc. potential improvements germane(predicate) theory calculations where possible and any information about the costs involved. As speed, cost and on time delivery are the key to being awarded contracts, postgraduate importance needs to be placed on these factors and would be where strategic planning would be focused. Whilst quality and flexibility play a significant billet in Company As application, quality is usually fixed by the client as they know what they extremity achieved, as is flexibility, what they want and when they want it is usually not negotiable, especially as they are working to deadlines for their customers.The quotes that are presented to the client not only need to meet the operations objectives of cost and speed, but also dependability that is, is what they have quoted an accurate reflection of what can be practically achieved, have they over estimated the man-hours or underestimated the man hours? This is vital to get in force(p) as an overestimation results in an increased cost, making us less competitive, and therefore losing the contract. An underestimate would result in insufficient time to complete the project and the extra cost would be worn by Company A. non only would cost be an issue, but that would affect our reputation as a specialist provider, decrease custome r satisfaction and therefore be less considered by the client when submitting a quote next time. The number and variety of different manpower needed is based on specification of output as well as aggregated capacity that is the number of man hours is then used to search how many men/days it would take to complete the job based on a ten hour day. The data for estimating an enquiry has been developed over time, using past experience, company expectations and feedback from the contractors required to do the work.The man-hours required to complete standardised operate have been established using the top down and bottom up approach, this knowledge however has not been transcribed to a standard document, in order for consistency in quotations, this should be developed. This will increase productivity, the time taken to complete the quotes and would also facilitate improvement. The structure of Company A having high variation in the demand for services, along with the volume and variety of when and where these services are executed makes capacity management and scheduling difficult, thus reducing capacity (Slack et al, 2010).Being a highly variable business according to Slack et al, 2010, process variability results in simultaneous waiting and resource underutilisations, Company A has managed this capacity demand in off peak times of the year with only hiring a core set of permanent employees, responsible for key operational issues, such as planning, customer liaison and information integration. When a job is awarded in brief term contracts are issued to trades personnel to complete the core mechanics of the project, once the project is completed the personnel are terminated, thus preventing underutilisation of resources.This however brings with it another problem that is the availability of obtaining the competent personnel for that project and also the lack of consistency with staff working for Company A . The availability of staff, location of the project and t ype of work, needs to be factored into the resource planning and quoting for the client. As stated in Slack et al, 2010, resource planning, is concerned with managing allocation of resources and activities for process efficiency and effectiveness in satisfying customer demand. The implications are seen in the three main operations objectives that is quality, speed and cost.If there is insufficient man power available to complete the work, the job will run over time, resulting in cost of poor quality, and reputation with the client. This can also affect the quality of work conducted, as personnel could be stretched, or there may be insufficient trades to complete the job to quality requirements. The variety of different staff used, results again in loss of experience and knowledge in the work that we do, being a highly specialised service, it is important to maintain highly skilled individuals.This variety could impact on the man hours budgeted as you would have to account for learni ng new skills, other variables such as a work ethic, availability of resources etc The use of detailed work instructions, inductions or retention periods could be a viable solution. PART E Provide brief recommendations for improving the process including comparisons of your recommendations against the current system, and details of changes needed to correct the problem or improve the situation. You should include a rudimentary action plan or relevant time frame for implementation of your recommendations.Bear in mind that your recommendations should be potentially cost effective i. e. you must argue the changes from the point of view of their potential to improve cost, quality, output, productivity etc. In order to overcome the operational issue of loss of resources and valuable information, a well implemented quality management system, based on ISO 9001 2008 should be implemented, with detailed work instructions, procedures and processes. The current system as it stands is inconsist ent, highly variable and not well documented.Creating documented processes and procedures, consistency, application and ease of use will be beneficial to new/old employees with all assumed knowledge being captured and enable with succession planning. The implementation of a quality system would be a time consuming process involving a number of resources as the time to collate, document, review and approve procedures and processes would be lengthy. The application of designated individual would cut down the time needed to complete this project.The impacts of introducing a value Quality Management System such as ISO90012008 would be far more beneficial than the initial cost/time taken to implement it. Not only would quality of projects be increased, due to standardisation of the processes, but costs would be seen in the reduction of double handling and waste. As all facets of the company would be documented the knowledge of what is presented to the client would increase and therefore cost, time to complete projects, quality of quotations and time to complete these would be reduced.The continuous review process would also enable consistent improvements and company growth. (Figure 5. 0) Having an externally certified system, which is not a prerequisite for winning contracts with clients, would see us as a better candidate against other competitors without certification and could increase our chances of winning contracts. pic Figure 5. 0 Integration of Quality Management System into Business operations. Reference. Company A IMS REFERENCE LIST Slack, N. , Chambers, S. , Johnston, R. and Betts, A. , 2009, Operations andProcess Management, 2nd ed, Prentice Hall Company A (2011), http//ctnet. Company A . com/desktopdefault. aspx, International Direct Contact Resources Business Unit federal agency Point, , April 2011 OFFER REJECTED LOSS OF WORK PROJECT PLANNED PROJECT EXECUTED NO QUOTATION? SIGN CONTRACT CONTRACT REVIEW amaze PROPOSAL REVIEW OFFER RETURN TO CLIENT WITH A SUITABLE LETTER DECLINING QUOTATION ACCEPTANCE OF OFFER (CONTRACT) ACCEPTED ISSUE TO CLIENT understand ENQUIRY AND QUOTE FOR JOB RECEIVED REQUEST TO BID FOR CONTRACT FROM CLIENT

Civil War: Myths vs Facts

There has always been a number of circulating fabrications about the American cultivated War. We need to dig deep and find out if these myths are true. Did the South HATE shady people? Did Robert E. Lee hate America? Was the civil fight all about sla genuinely? Did the South start the civil state of war? All of these myths are to be revealed. Supposedly the Southern people were the only Americans that enslaved black people. They tortured, beat, and starved them. According to research, a slave in todays modern world, would cost anywhere from $100,000-$200,000.Why would a slave owner looseness that much money and something they would treat as a rag doll? In many cases slaves were treated as part of the family. The uniting also had slaves, non just the South. In the North, everything was supposedly free and had choices. The North technically did not own slaves, just now they were people in the North that owed them things. These people were called obligate servants. These inden tured servants were not all of African race either. They were to be released over a stated time. This myth came to be because basically whichever side won the war they would excite the opposing side.Was Robert E. Lee a horrible man? Did he hate American with a passion? The answer to this is false. Robert E. Lee did not ever level off own a single slave. He was very strong in his passion with the Confederate States of America. He lived in the state of Virginia and said he would neer leave them in any hard times. In saying this, he joined the South in the American Civil War. He loved America, but did not like the injustice the South was being shown. His home of Arlington was turned into a war cemetery. Present day, it is known as Arlington National Cemetery.This was initially a cemetery for Union Soldiers. How could the entire war be about slavery? The war lasted 5 years, 1861-1865. The Emancipation Proclamation was put into effect in 1863. What could the war have been about for th e last two years? The Civil War was fought because of Federal oppression. The South began to go bankrupt because the North was taxing the South very heavily, and the South was not as industrialized as the North. Slavery was an issue, but because the South was not industrialized. The South was just using what they had for resources.The slaves were their resources. There has been a myth that says that the South started the war. This is actually somewhat true, but not totally true. The South decided that it did not want be part of the United States of American anymore. It only when seceded. The North still had some forts located in the South though. Fort Sumter most notably was attacked by Southern soldiers because the South felt threatened by what could have been dangerous people from the North. The South was forced into battle because the North had sent a transport ship of supplies.The South defended itself because it had to protect itself from the transport ships and the Northern soldiers at Fort Sumter. The truth about all of these myths is revealed not by proof of Northern muniment, or Southern history, but of American History. Just because the North won, does not mean everything that they write and publish is true. There are many newspapers, letters, and diaries depicting significant events that reveal the truths of many other myths as well. The truth of these myths comes from the history that actually happened.

Studying: Then and Now

Studying Then and Now One June day, I staggered into a high discipline classroom to take my final exam in United States History IV. I had made my common desperate effort to cram the night before, with the usual dismal resultsI had gotten only to page 75 of a 400-page textbook. My study habits in high civilize, plain, were a mess, but in college, Ive made an attempt to mitigate my note-taking, studying, and test-taking skills. The first thing I tried to improve in college was note-taking. I took notes in high school classes but I often lost following as compared to my note- taking at college.Note taking in high school classes often began with doodling, drawing Martians, or seeing what my signature would look like if I married the guy in the second row. Now, however, I try not to let my mind wander, and I pull my thoughts back into focus when they begin to go fuzzy. In high school, my notes often looked like something written in Arabic. In college, Ive learned to use a semi-print w riting style that makes my notes understandable. When I would look everywhere my high school notes, I couldnt understand them.There would be a word like Reconstruction, then a big blank, then the word important. Weeks later, I had no idea what reconstruction was or why it was important. Ive since learned to write down connecting ideas, even if I have to take the term to do it after class. fetching notes is one thing Ive really learned to do better since high school days. Another area that I needed to concentrate on was my mode of studying. Ordinary studying during the term is another area in which Ive made changes. In high school, I let reading assignments go.I told myself that Id have no get to catching up on 200 pages during a 15-minute ride to school. College courses have taught me to keep pace with the work. Otherwise, I feel as though Im sinking into a quicksand of unread material. When I finally read the high school assignment, my eyes would run over the words, but my br ain would be plotting how to get the car for Saturday night. Now, I use several techniques that force me to really concentrate on my reading. I also changed the way of study for taking testsIn addition to acquirement how to cope with everyday work, Ive also learned to handle study sessions for big tests. My all-night study sessions in high school were experiments in self-torture. Around 200 A. M. , my mind, like a wealthy sponge, simply stopped absorbing things. Now, I space out exam study sessions over several days. That way, the night before can be abandoned to an overall review rather than raw memorizing. Most important, though, Ive changed my attitude toward tests. In high school, I thought tests were mysterious things with completely unpredictable questions.Now, I contend instructors about the kinds of questions that will be on the exam, and I try to psych out the areas or facts instructors are likely to ask about. These practices really work, and for me theyve taken much of the vexation and mystery out of tests. Since Ive reformed, note-taking and studying are not as tough as they once were, and I am beginning to reap the benefits. As time goes on, my college test sheets are going to look much different from the red-marked tests of my high school days. Outline IntroductionThesis Statement My study habits in high-school, obviously were a mess, but in college, Ive made an attempt to reform my note-taking, studying and test-taking skills. Topic sentence 1 I took notes in high school classes but I often lost interest as compared to my note- taking at college 1. Interest 2. Note writing 3. Connection Topic Sentence 2 Ordinary studying during the term is another area in which Ive made changes. 1. Pace 2. Concentration Topic Sentence 3 In addition to learning how to cope with daily work, Ive also learned to handle study sessions for big tests. 1. Spacing 2. Attitude Conclusion