Poe

Poe The plot and point of view used in Edgar Allen Poe's short story, "The Pit and the Pendulum," makes the book so enjoyable to readers because it brings out the many fears men have and make them seem as reality. Those fears include death and torture. The book, though, would not be as accomplished as it is if Poe had not used first person point of view. The combination of the fears used in the plot and the point of view make an unbelievable placing the reader in the story instead of making the reader just another spectator.The point of view chosen by the author is very important to the success of the story. If the point of view does not flow with the story told, then the probability of that story being liked by readers is slim to none. In "The Pit and the Pendulum", Poe matches the point of view and the subject to best suit the readers interest.English: Pit and pendulum Pub on Victoria Street 2...

Business game modified assignmen Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4250 words

Business game modified assignmen - Essay Example This company has gained great praise due to its ability to maintain its name in Europe as a car-manufacturing corporation. The corporation has endeavoured to produce high quality cars by using high technology. The company has also managed to remain stable in the competitive European market. In order to fit in the market, the company created an initiative of assessing its target customers, with the aim of acquiring maximum profits from their business initiative. Effective marketing ensures competitive advantage by appealing to consumer values and preferences (Porter 1985; Porter, 1987). At the commencement of the project, our team embarked on a mission to maximise the company’s profits by weighing the shareholders’ investment. At the end of Round 4, our group had managed to acquire about four percent of the market share inclusive of the City and Large car. Our company is keen to check the profit and losses incurred by VICA. Focus on the workers’ demands is among t he company’s major concerns, which it does in order to develop a rapport between the management and the workers, as well as to keep the company on its toes. The target group of the company’s City car falls below 25 years of age while the Large car is aimed at persons between the ages of 41-55 years. In terms of the City car the vehicle is suitable for short distances and is affordable for young people. On the other hand, the Large car is suitable for older people who need to carry luggage of varying sizes and move over longer distances. The forecast for Round 1 can be summarised in the table on the following page. The table is inclusive of sales, profits and balance. The forecast for the City car stood at 53300b while that of the large car was 40950b. CASH FLOW FORECAST Cash In Cash Out Opening Bank Balance ?500,000,000.00 Sales Income ?1,628,805,750.00 Total Material Cost ?1,211,774,167.50 Total Labour Cost ?47,000,000.00 Total Overheads ?242,508,062.56 Factory Cost ? 650,000,000.00 Automation Expenditure ?17,500,000.00 Tax Payment ?38,392,055.98 Net Interest Payment ?0.00 Bank Balance before Loan -?77,918,536.04 Loan Requested ?200,000,000.001 Closing Bank Balance ?122,081,463.96 Company Performance Round 1 Forecast Model based on production, sales and bank balances pre- and post-loan Production 94,250 Sales ?1,630 m Post-Tax Profit ?86.9 m Bank Balance Before Loan ?- 77 m Bank Balance After Loan ?123 m The process of launching the cars into the European market was a complex task that needed to consider elements of establishing an appropriate pricing model, determining manufacturing capacity, the volume of labourers required, and profit/loss projections based on cost recognition. Strategies for launch included first identifying key market characteristics associated with lifestyle and preferences for small/large cars along with environmental attitudes. Market Share Analysis, Gross Margin and Post-tax Profit Round 1 Overheads Overheads Income Cost Fixed Overheads ?128,958,062.56 Market Promotion ?55,000,000.00 Research & Development ?48,700,000.00 Training Cost ?940,000.00 Total Overheads ?233,598,062.56 Budget capabilities, which maintained oversight related to loan procurement as a failure to include loan capital in the figures, dictated limited production capabilities due to overhead and other associated factors related to economies of scale and capital availability. The first production run for Citzen cars was 53,300 whilst larger cars were to be produced

Culture and Organization Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3250 words

Culture and Organization - Essay Example Additionally, organizational culture extents its manifestation in ways which an entity allows for autonomy and freedom of making decisions, personal expression, and development of new ideas. Organizational culture gives a clear outline on how information and power flows through its set channels and influences strengths of employees by encouraging commitment towards the organization’s collective goals (Stallman, 2010:4). The culture of an organization is crucial since it affects its productivity and performance mechanism and provides guidelines suitable for establishing an appropriate customer service channel, product quality, and safety. Introduction Southwest Airlines Company is a low cost, American airline that has its base in Dallas, Texas. According to articles published the company’s public relations office, the company came into being in 1967. It adopted its company name in 1971 and by the fifth day of June 2011, documented evidence revealed that the airline is th e largest in the United States basing the data on number of domestic passengers that it carried (Kelly, 2009:22). Despite the fact that the airline operated Boeing 727 aircraft for a very time in the years between 1970s and 1980s, between this stated period and 2012 the scooped identity of the sole airline that operates Boeing 737. In addition to that, by the last day of September 2011, this airline became the world’s largest operator of 737 recording over 550 of these aircrafts already in operation whereby, each operated an average of six flights in a single day. Following its performance and uniqueness, this paper warranted it an intense research based on its organizational culture (Khastar, 2011:2). As such, this paper will seek to analyze the culture of the Southwest Airlines using and applying theoretical frameworks used in the study of organizational culture such as those developed by Schein and Harrison. The concept of organizational culture With reference to Schein th eoretical framework, the processes whereby the Southwest Airlines became the largest Boeing 737 operator in America and globally as well, led it reproduce its systems and practices of management in order to gain competitive advantages over other airlines eyeing the same uniqueness. Nevertheless, despite the fact that it sough to reproduce its management practices as closely as possible, the results were rarely compatible. Generally, the managers encountered issues they did not have to face in the operating environment (Achtmeyer, 2002:2). This is the reason as to why the first notions of culture used by the managing team were so similar to those deployed by the company with the view of defining the national culture. At this point, the development of the concept of organizational culture was ultimately polemic as opposed to what took place with other theoretical constructs such as organizational climate. Scholarly research reveals that, the concept of an organizational culture is a t hing borrowed from basic social sciences, mainly sociology and anthropology (Flamholtz and Randle, 2011:83). As opposed to organizational climate, which is a product of a conducted research, the concept of an organization is a construct embedded in the theoretical framework that employs the use of organizational environment and academics to listen to management theory (Bundgaard, Bejjani, and Helmer, 2006:16). Given the power of the Southwest

Business Ethics And Cross Cultural Management Commerce Essay

Business Ethics And Cross Cultural Management Commerce Essay Ethics, or more accurately, the lack of ethics, on the part of business and government leaders has lately received significant attention in the mass media and has been a topic of discussion among the public, as well as the different organizations in the world (Peppas 2002). Business ethics has gained the attention of many scholars and executives in both private and public sectors because of many unethical practices that are being reported. This includes the cases of large multinational organizations including Enron (Rashid Ibrahim 2007). This is the reason why many studies about cultural differences and business ethics have been implemented in the past years. This literature review is conducted in order to analyze and evaluate the arguments regarding the different aspects that are related with business ethics and differences in cultures. Implications of Business Ethics The concept about ethics is considered as a complex matter because it is predicated on an interchange of views regarding the belief systems of individual among the citizens of any culture (Svensson Wood 2003). The study of business ethics and its connection for the stakeholders of organizations have experienced fast growth in the past few decades. The literature about business ethics is divided on its views regarding the motivation and the cause for organizations to have their ethical dimension. The study of Harrison (2001) showed that there are two main schools of thoughts first are those who suggest that firms are operating in order to generate profit, therefore, business ethics is considered as another means of attracting the customers, while the second are those who supported some corporate conscience as well as inherent motivation for the implementation of business ethics. On the other hand, Paul (2001) considered business ethics are very subjective in nature because it is a function of time and culture therefore, the business ethics have changed, together with the cultural values and norms motivated the business ethics in the national and regional boundaries. The study of Hofstede (1983) is considered as one of the most important studies which show the differences of countries or nations in terms of cultures and values. The study showed that there are 4 vital indicators which include individualism, power distance, uncertainty avoidance and masculinity which shows great differences in the culture among different nations. The study of Vinten (1991) divided the issues of business ethics in different degree, which include international business, domestic business and professional ethics. Each level constitute for different level of some unethical activities perform by organizations and businesses. Even though, there are many studies which show importance of ethics, and even though it is being followed by different organizations, there are still many reasons and disapproval of adoption of ethics in the world of business. This is connected to the study of Stemberg (1994) which focuses on the case of rejected relativism. It stated that ethics is seen as excessively theoretical, at the same time, contradict the primary reason of any business and it is also lacking of direction in terms of harmony across the different cultures. Business Ethics and Cultural Differences One of the challenges that business ethics is facing is the impact of globalization. As a result, it is common nowadays, for business managers and employees to work with and for people from different nations and races which represents many different cultural values. It is important to consider that culture affects virtually all of the aspects of the business relationship. This is because one aspect, that of business ethics, can cause huge conflict and gross misunderstanding between individuals who do not share the same backgrounds (Sims 2006). With this, the attitudes of individual towards the business ethics may be different greatly even within one culture that trying to come to an agreement across cultures can become nearly impossible. Thus, it may be that an agreement on ethics across cultures is not even recommended (Donaldson Dunfee 1999). Furthermore, in culturally homogenous groups, there is a greater possibility that values of individual members of the team will match. Howev er, because the because of the growing number of cross-cultural organizations, it is important to focus on this subject. Business ethics can be seen as a function of culture because the evolution of culture in the environment of the business will surely affect the acceptable and unacceptable actions inside and outside the organization. Different studies across cultures have been performed in the literature of ethics on the international level such as: Jakubowski et al., 2002; Fisher et al., 2001; Seitz, 2001; and Singhapakdi et al., 1999; and the national level which include Peppas Peppas, 2000; and Fernandez-Fernandez et al., 1999 (Svensson Wood 2003). The study of Singhapakdi Rawwas (1999) shows that the business ethics are considered as essential in the international business, because the culture of individual affect their ethical decisions. It presented that there are some vital differences between the countries, thus it is important to focus on those in order to ensure success of organizations. In connection, Vinten (1998) argues that business ethics has the possibility to become a vital factor of corporate strategy and culture, thus it must be considered in internal and external ethical audit. On the other hand, the study of Hood and Longsdon (2002) showed the similarities and differences of cultural values of managers in three countries. The result showed that one of the vital components of culture is ethics. Therefore, this factor of culture survives as a possible strong influence towards the success of the organizations in the entire marketplace. Bucar Glas (2002) expand a conceptual framework for the evaluation of the cross-cultural differences in the ethical attitudes of business people that are based on the theory of social contract. The result of the study showed that prognostic of the degree of the ethical attitudes among the societies and they focus on the more delicate influence of many social institutions on the ethical attitudes of different groups within the society. On the other hand, according to Sen (1997), in the concept of the role of cultures in the m otivating norms of the behavior of business, it is important to be familiar with the compound structures of principles of business, at the same time, focuses on the wide-ranging contact of sentiments. Business Ethics Theory and Practice Gap The article of Stark (1993) presented the gap between the theory and practice in business ethics. According to Stark (1993) academic researches about business ethics failed to present useful guidance towards the managerial decision-making regarding the different ethical issues. Particularly, this applies on the added urgency that some of the most complex ethical issues which happen in the international arena. This was supported by Dean (1998) who stated that the field of business ethics must also include a service aspect if it is to be considered as the profession of business ethics. This focuses on the qualification of business ethics as profession. Thus, the question lies on the capability of the business ethics as the leading or conducting behavior in the business world, thus, it pertains on whom the field of business ethics is focusing. In addition, the international business ethics can only be deemed a profession based on its tangible and existing advantage towards the actual or real-world risks and threats. Conclusion Business ethics is a vital aspect in any organization and business. This is because it enables them to focus on planning and implementing rules and regulations, standards and policies that will be beneficial to everyone by applying what is right and what is with accordance to the law. However, because of globalization, business ethics is facing different criticism and possible problem. This is because of the fact that culture affects how an individual or group perceives one thing or situation as good or bad. Therefore, it is important to focus on the different cultural factors in order to ensure future success of business world. Annotated Bibliography Morgan, E 1998, Navigating Cross-Cultural Ethics: What Global Managers Do Right To Keep From Going Wrong, Butterworth-Heinemann. This is a textbook which shows the personal stories of managers who are running global business. It focuses on analyzing the different dilemmas that global managers are facing in terms of ethical leadership in international business. Svensson, G Wood, G 2003, The Dynamics of Business Ethics: a Function of Time and Culture Case and Models, Management Decision, vol. 41, no. 4, pp. 350 361. This is a journal which examines the construct of ethics as a whole and of the business ethics in specific manner. Furthermore, it also offers a theoretical discussion of the dynamics of ethics in the society and in the marketplace. Gannon, M Newman, K 2002, The Blackwell Handbook of Cross-Cultural Management, Wiley-Blackwell. This textbook offer an overview of the different major research perspectives about cross-cultural management and ethics, it includes theories about ethics and cultures, together with how it can be applied in the real-world. Ferrell, O C, Fraedrich, J Ferrell, L 2006, Business Ethics: Ethical Decision Making and Cases, Cengage Learning. This textbook presents complex environment where in the managers face different ethical decision making. This include how cultural differences can affect how managers and members of the company perceive changes and decisions inside the company. Weiss, J 2008, Business Ethics: A Stakeholder and Issues Management Approach, Cengage Learning. This textbook presented the different issues that are related with the business ethics. This includes information about the impact of differences in cultures among different nations working in the business environment. Katsioloudes, M Hadjidakis, S 2007, International Business: A Global Perspective, Butterworth-Heinemann. This textbook enables to present the different theories and changes going on in the business environment in international arena. This will be helpful in order to locate information which pertains on the different challenges which global managers will be facing in terms of decision-making.

Hydropower’s Unintended Consequences Essay -- Renewable Energy Environ

Hydropower’s Unintended Consequences As more emphasis is being brought to renewable energy, hydroelectric power is often seen as a viable and clean alternative energy source. Hydro electric has been a longstanding source of power for this and many other countries. In the 1940s dams were supplying 40% of our nation’s electricity, and now they only generate about 10% (science bulletins). Hydro power can be a clean alternative to fossil fuels; however it should not be considered an environmentally friendly alternative of energy production. Dams built for hydroelectric production have had staggering effects on the ecosystems of which they invade, both aquatic and terrestrial, and have rippling effects linked to ecosystems far outside the site of the dam itself. Dams can have adverse effects on water quality, fish species, migration of aquatic animals, and can create biological isolation by cutting off access of species from one side of the dam to the other. Dam building took off in the United States after World War Two. This can be seen in the official slogan of the Bureau of Land Reclamation: â€Å"Our Rivers: Total Use for Greater Wealth† (science bulletins). Since then, the ambitious dam building is fully noticeable. â€Å"At least 68,000 large dams, and up to 2 million small dams, block virtually every American waterway† (science bulletins). The most highly hydroelectrically developed river in the country being the Colorado River (Lang). A river that drains over 259,000 square miles and flows through seven states (Oregon, Washington, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, Wyoming, and Utah) as well as one Canadian province, is dammed by over 400 dams (Lang). These dams create endless barrages for aquatic water life in what... ...worth the environmental toll it takes, and if it is worth the decimation of any particular species. Bibliography Natural Resources Council of Maine (NRCM). Edwards Dam and Kennebec Restoration. Accessed March 29 from: http://www.nrcm.org/issue_edwardsdam.asp Lang, Bill. Columbia River. Accessed march 28 from: http://www.ccrh.org/river/history.htm Banks, John. Penobscot River project gets two boosts. Portland Press Herald, Thursday, February 1, 2007. Accessed march 28 from: http://pressherald.mainetoday.com/viewpoints/editorials/070201penob.html Science Bulletins. Kennebec Dam Removal. Accessed march 28 from: http://sciencebulletins.amnh.org/biobulletin/biobulletin/story1206.html Penobscot River Restoration Trust. Penobscot River Watershed History. Accessed April 1 from: http://www.penobscotriver.org/content/4004/The_River/

The Effectiveness of Celebrity Endorsement in Advertising

Advertising is one of the most effective strategies of non-price competition, that’s why it is closely associated and widely used in terms of monopolistic competition. Companies in monopolistic competitive market can not sell more of their differentiated product without lowering the price. Thus, advertising is a great instrument to gain more customers and increase the sales without cutting the price. Despite of different views on economic effectiveness of advertising, modern large companies in monopolistic competition spend millions of dollars for promotion of own brands, goods or services. It is a known tactic to employ celebrity endorsement for advertising own product. In particular, for many years Michael Jordan has been appearing in Nike ads, and the products of this company are associated with Jordan on global scale. Many companies use a celebrity or athlete for advertising its goods or services because celebrity endorsement attracts more attention of target audience, as well as it increases credibility and improves reputation of the brand in customers’ eyes, leading eventually to higher sales. Specialists comment that celebrity is already a known brand, and his/her endorsement of the product helps to make it more popular. â€Å"You have the core brand and then you have the celebrity brand, and, when that confluence is positive, the impact can be tremendous† (Storey, 2006). In my opinion, participation of professional athletes in ads of certain brands can be considered quite convincing and effective from two perspectives. First of all, only successful powerful companies, which offer mostly first-class quality products, can afford inviting famous sportsmen (like Michael Jordan or David Beckham) to advertise their goods. Besides, sport is a passion of people of different ages. Both children and adults around the world love sports very much, and that’s why target audience of such advertising is very large. Nevertheless, recently British specialists found out that currently the effectiveness of celebrity endorsement is firmly decreasing (BBC News, 2007). References Celebrity Ads' Impact Questioned. (2007, February 27). BBC News. The British Broadcasting Company. Retrieved February 25, 2008, from ;http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/england/somerset/6400419.stm;. Storey, L. (2006, October 12). Seeing Stars. The New York Times. Retrieved February 25, 2008.

Essay about The Changing Role and Status of Women in...

The Changing Role and Status of Women in Britain Since 1900 1. Before 1900, women had generally stayed in the home. From the Middle Ages to 17th Century, they had been involved in cottage industries like making gloves. Early in the industrialisation period, women were sent down coalmines, because they cost less, but later on when rules and regulations were set over hours and safety, women were pushed back into the home because men could work harder for longer hours. Around the end of the 19th Century teaching, nursing and shop work became more common professions for women, and for those who were well-educated, clerical work. However, a woman still had to leave work when she married, and was paid†¦show more content†¦Richer women had other problems, they were mainly educated for marriage - laying tables etc - and when they did marry, they became entirely dependant on their husbands. If women got the vote then they would be able to pt pressure on the government for other rights, like looking after their own finances. This was excellent for improving the situation of women but not so good for some men who had a great interest in things staying the same, men might have to share more of the power and money with women, and marring someone with a rich family would no longer assure them of their wifes inheritance. The most influential woman for much of the 19th Century was Queen Victoria, who also thought women shouldnt get the vote. She was devoted to her husband and gradually began to depend on him completely, a perfect role model for Victorian women. She thought womens suffrage was mad, wicked folly. There was absolutely no way women would get the vote with these attitudes from both sexes, and even though society was changing, it was doing so far too slowly for women to get the vote anytime in the next 50 years or more. 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